← Back to Learn

Paper Trading For Dummies

September 08, 2026 · 8 min read

Trading System for Dummies

Everything the system does, explained like you're 14 — because jargon sucks.


Start Here: What Is This Whole Thing?

You have 3 robot traders that watch the stock market every day and pretend to buy and sell things with fake money ($10,000 paper money). They never use real money.

They're like 3 friends who disagree on what to buy. You want to see which friend is right.


The 3 Robots (A/B/C)

Robot A: "Momentum Guy" (Pure Dual Momentum)

What he does: Buys whatever went up the most in the last 12 months. That's it.

Plain English: "What's been winning? Buy that. Keep buying it until it stops winning."

Why he exists: Academic research says this simple strategy beats most professional fund managers over 10+ years.

Day 1 trade: Bought USO (oil fund) at $144 — it went up 97% in the last year. Makes sense.


Robot B: "Cautious Guy" (Momentum + Technical Analysis)

What he does: Does the same as Robot A, but checks 4 extra things before buying:

1. RSI — is it overbought? (tired, due for a break)

2. Volume — is there enough trading activity to trust the move?

3. Candlestick patterns — does the daily chart show warning signs?

4. Support/Resistance — is it too high above its normal range?

Plain English: "That's been going up for a year? Let me check if it's a real move or a trap."

Day 1 trade: Robot A wanted USO, but Robot B said NO because the volume was too low (not enough people trading it = unreliable move). So he bought SLV (silver) instead at $59.90.


Robot C: "Chart Guy" (Charts Only)

What he does: Ignores momentum entirely. Just looks at chart patterns and technical signals:

Plain English: "I don't care what happened last year. I look at the picture the chart is painting right now."

Day 1 trade: Bought CPER (copper) at $41.02 because the Bollinger Bands squeezed then broke upward, and MACD crossed.


Key Terms You'll See Every Day

Market Basics

TermDefinitionExample
**Ticker**Short code for a stock/fundSPY = S&P 500, QQQ = Nasdaq, GLD = Gold, USO = Oil
**ETF**A fund that tracks something (like gold or oil)You buy USO, you basically own oil
**Buy and hold**Buy something and never sell itThe laziest strategy
**Bull market**Market going upEverything green
**Bear market**Market going downEverything red

How We Measure Things

TermDefinitionExample
**Momentum**How much something went up or down over a period+97% = went up 97% in 12 months
**ATR**Average True Range — how much the price bounces around dailyATR = $3.94 means oil moves about $4/day on average
**VIX**"Fear index" — how scared investors are< 15 = calm, 15-25 = nervous, > 25 = scared, > 35 = panic
**RSI**Overbought/oversold gauge (0-100)> 70 = overbought (might drop), < 30 = oversold (might bounce)
**MACD**Two moving average lines crossing — buy signal when one crosses above the otherMACD crossover = "lines just crossed up, trend is changing"
**Bollinger Bands**A channel around the price. When it squeezes, a breakout is comingSqueeze + price breaks above = buy signal
**Support**A price floor where it kept bouncing in the past"Support at $40" = it's bounced off $40 three times before
**Resistance**A price ceiling where it kept failing in the past"Resistance at $50" = it's hit $50 and dropped each time

Trading Terms

TermDefinitionExample
**Entry price**Price you bought atUSO entered @ $144.00
**Stop loss**Price you sell to limit lossesIf USO drops to $140.06, we sell automatically
**Trailing stop**Stop that moves up as price goes upUSO goes to $150, stop moves to $142. Never moves down
**Position size**How many shares you buy6 shares USO = $864 total
**Volatility scaling**Buy less when price is jumpy, buy more when calmUSO is super jumpy (52% yearly vol), so we bought only 22% of normal size
**The spread**The hidden cost of buying/sellingCrypto has big spreads (0.5% each way)
**Unrealized P&L**Current profit/loss if you sold right now+$0 = flat, -$6.82 = down $6.82
**Realized P&L**Actual profit/loss after you sellOnly counts when trade is closed
**Fee drag**How much fees eat your profits$39 in fees on a $100 trade = 39% fee drag (bad!)

Regime (Market Mood)

TermDefinitionWhat the robots do
**Trending**Market moving clearly in one directionRobots go full speed
**Ranging**Market going sidewaysRobots get cautious (smaller bets)
**Volatile**Market swinging wildlyRobots get even smaller, or pause

How to Read the Daily Updates

Every day you'll get a message like this:

📊 TRADING SYSTEM DASHBOARD

Market: SPY $767.94  VIX: 15.4
Regime: volatile

[A] PURE MOMENTUM
  Holding: USO entry $144.00 stop $140.06
  Pick: USO (+97% 12m momentum)

[B] MOMENTUM + TA
  Holding: SLV entry $59.90 stop $58.08
  USO was BLOCKED: low volume breakout (0.44x avg)

[C] CHARTS ONLY
  Holding: CPER entry $41.02 stop $40.44
  CPER scored 5/10: MACD crossover + BB squeeze

COMBINED: All different picks — need data to sort out

What to look for:

ColumnWhat it meansGood or bad?
**Holding**What the robot owns right nowJust information
**Entry**Price it bought atLower = better (bought cheap)
**Stop**Price it will sell at if it dropsGetting higher = good (locking in gains)
**P&L**Current profit/lossPositive = nice, negative = not yet
**Blocked**Why a robot didn't buy somethingGood — means filters are working

The CSV File (Your Excel Data)

After every market day, the system saves a row to /opt/data/nexus/trading/data/daily_log.csv.

To open it: double-click the CSV or open in Excel/Google Sheets.

Each column:

ColumnMeaning
`date`Which day
`market_regime`Was the market trending, ranging, or volatile?
`vix`Fear level
`A_pick`What Robot A would buy right now
`A_positions`Does Robot A own anything? (1 = yes, 0 = no)
`A_entry_price`What Robot A paid
`A_pnl_open`Current profit/loss for Robot A
`B_pick` / `C_pick`Same for B and C
`spy_price`How the S&P 500 is doing (the overall market)
`btc_price`Bitcoin price
`total_open_positions`How many total things all 3 robots own

How the System Learns

Every Sunday at 5pm ET, the system grades itself:

=== WEEKLY COMPARISON ===
                    A: Pure Mom  B: Mom+TA  C: Charts Only  
Win rate:           40%         50%         60%          
Sharpe:             0.6         0.8         0.9          
Avg trade:          +$12        +$18        +$22         

The winning robot gets more confidence. The losing robot gets studied.


What You Don't Need to Worry About

Don't worry aboutWhy
**Robot makes a bad trade**That's learning data. We want to see bad trades to learn from them
**Market crashes**Momentum robots go to cash when everything drops. That's their superpower
**Weird terminology**This doc explains everything. Read one term per day
**Missing a day**The robots run automatically. Data saves to CSV
**This runs forever**$0.30 in stock fees on $10k paper. Costs nothing

Weekend Reading (If You Want to Learn More)

TopicWhat to search
Dual MomentumGary Antonacci "Dual Momentum" book
Time-series momentumMoskowitz, Ooi, Pedersen 2012 paper
RSI"RSI indicator explained"
MACD"MACD indicator for beginners"
Bollinger Bands"Bollinger Bands explained"
Support and resistance"Support resistance trading basics"
VIX"VIX fear index explained"

Cheat Sheet: What to Check When


"Progress over perfection. We're learning as we go."

— Your 3 robots